Modern Anti Cruelty Laws For The United States - 1647 Words

The rights of animals have been battled over for generations. Humans began t o domesticate animals such as dogs, goats, chickens, sheep, and beasts of burden between 10,000 and 18,000 years ago. Many people originally believed that because animals had no souls they also felt no pain; however, this belief changed as the study of animals increased. The first animal-protection law in western civilization was adopted in 1641; making it illegal to â€Å"exercise any Tirranny or Crueltie towards any bruite Creature which are usuallie kept for man’s use.† (7) In 1789, the English philosopher, Jeremy Bentham, was the first to state that animals have rights. This concept was different from the belief that animals felt pain, in his claims animals deserved basic human rights. This new theory shook the foundation of many peoples belief in what animal rights truly is. In 1821, Maine became the first state to adopt modern anti-cruelty laws for the U.S.; every other state eventually passed similar legislation. It still wasn’t until the 21st century that lawsuits in the interest of animals became common. The animal rights movement has become most active in the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. Animal rights organizations have been using court systems to protect animals from being used in harmful activities, such as the agricultural industry and as being research subjects, in the belief that they have the same basic rights as all humans. Animals have been usedShow MoreRelatedAnimal Testing (Speech Outline)1200 Words   |  5 Pagesuntil half the test subjects died. brb. This example to me personally represents the epitome of cruelty by modern science toward animals. br br(Transition: Now that I have explained the cruel injustices of animals in the past, let us now look at how these problems are solved today.) br brII. One of the ways animals are now protected is through laws and organizations. br1. One such important law that was signed in 1966 was the Animal Welfare Act that regulates the treatment of animals in researchRead MorePolicy Identification And Explanation Of The Ag Gag Law1411 Words   |  6 PagesPolicy Identification and Explanation The policy I am researching is the Ag Gag law which was enacted in Idaho in 2014. Idaho code 18-7042 â€Å"INTERFERENCE WITH AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION† states that a person commits the crime of interference with agricultural production if the person knowingly: is not employed by an agricultural production facility and enters an agricultural production facility, obtains records of an agricultural production facility, or obtains employment by force, threat, misrepresentationRead MoreAnimal Cruelty And Animal Abuse879 Words   |  4 Pages Animal Abuse is when someone hurts an animal or does not care for the animal responsibly. It’s against the law to hard or be cruel to animals. It’s also called animal cruelty. The topic is going to be over is animal abuse. There’s a lot of people against animal abuse. A lot of researchers try to find a way to stop animal abuse. The FBI is conducting an investigation to find out a way to serve justice to those that abuse animals. Animal abuse has been going on for a very long time now and it needRead MoreThe Fight Against Animal Testing1456 Words   |  6 Pagesthat has been around for thousands of years. Early Green philosophers such as Aristotle and Erasistratus performed experiments on animals as early as 384 BC (Hajar). Though the way animals are used in experimentation has varied over the years, the modern definition of animal is an experiment that deliberately harms a live animal (â€Å"What Is Animal Testing?†). Animals have been used for the purpos e of biomedical research and to understand anatomy all throughout history. Nowadays, some of the uses ofRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Animal Welfare Movement Essay1727 Words   |  7 PagesBritain with the passage stating an act in 1835 to consolidate and amend the several laws relating to the cruelty and improper treatment of animals. In 1911 the Parliament passed the â€Å"Protection of Animals Act, and it is still enforced currently. This policy was established while permitting humans to use animals as test subjects, but making animals suffer in this way is unnecessary (Guither, 1998). In the United States alone it is estimated that over twenty-six million animals are used for testing.Read More Animal Testing (speech Outline) Essay989 Words   |  4 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This example to me personally represents the epitome of cruelty by modern science toward animals. (Transition: Now that I have explained the cruel injustices of animals in the past, let us now look at how these problems are solved today.) II.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of the ways animals are now protected is through laws and organizations. 1.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One such important law that was signed in 1966 was the Animal Welfare Act that regulates the treatmentRead MoreThe Debate On Animal Rights910 Words   |  4 Pagescreated in the image of God. The Greek philosopher Aristotle based his opinions on the idea that animals did not have the ability to reason and so they were below humans (Taylor, 2009). Rene Descartes, a French philosopher who is known as the father of modern philosophy, had a tremendous influence on the animal rights debate and his opinions are still being quoted today in papers and books on the subject. Descartes believed that man was linked to God through his mind which was separate from the physicalRead MoreAn American Ideal Of Equality Is Not An America At All.1501 Words   |  7 Pages An America without equality is not an America at all. The common American citizen would say that the definition of equality is; Equal rights among all people. Equality is also defined as the state or quality of being equal; correspondence in quantity, degree, value, rank, or ability. A historical example that demonstrates the American ideal of equality is the court case Plessy Vs. Ferguson (1896). Plessy was arrested for riding in a white-only seat for being an African-American citizen riding inRead MoreModern Day Genocide1278 Words   |  5 PagesModern Day Genocide Humiliated, beaten, and neglected; an entire group of people are constantly under abuse. They must hide from their own government in fear of death. The citizens expose their neighbors in order to create a more perfect country. No documentation exists that outlaws the violence towards these people. Their leaders do not want to recognize that they have any existence. All of this is happening while surrounding countries sit idle and wait for a resolution to happen. When hearingRead MoreThe Jim Crow Laws Enhanced The Institution Of Racism1034 Words   |  5 PagesThe Jim Crow Laws enhanced the institution of racism in The United States. Reconstruction was meant to rebuild the South from the destructive Civil War and help integrate African American’s into the southern lifestyle. Instead, the Jim Crow Laws segregated colored people from white people and encouraged the discrimination of colored people. Subject to the pervasive reign of terror by the Klu Klux Klan, stripped of their political and civil rights by white state legislatures and white judiciaries

Implementationin Information Technology and Management

Question: Discuss about the Implementationin Information Technology and Management. Answer: Introduction Information system is known an organized system that is used for the collection, organization storage and communication of information. According to Stair and Reynolds (2013), it can also be defined as the study of complementary networks that people and organization can use to collect, filter process, develop and distribute data. It is a combination of hardware, software, infrastructure and trained people to facilitate planning, coordination and decision making in an organization. As mentioned by Cassidy (2016), there are several types of information system that are available such as transaction processing systems, decision support system, office support system, transaction supporting system and management information system. All of these information systems are useful for a business organization. Such as transaction processing system that is capable to provide a way to collect, process, display or cancel transactions (Braglia and Frosolini 2014). On the other hand, decision support system that helps to make decisions by working and analyzing data that can produce arithmetical projections and data models. However, management information system is suggested for McDonalds. Management information system is a unique information system that mostly collects data by the transaction processing system. This data is then used to develop reports in a way that managers can use it to make regular business related decisions. This system is exceptionally useful to deal with organizational problems. This system also increases efficiency of managerial activities. Further in this report, a complete description is provided about management information system along with its importance. It is also mentioned that how this system help McDonald. Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) of MIS is also mentioned in this report along with its challenges and solutions. Management Information System (MIS) Management information system delivers knowledge that business companies require to manage themselves effectively. MIS are typical computer systems that are used for managing and organizing a company. According to Choudhary (2015), the five main components of MIS are hardware, software, data (required for decision making method), procedures (design, establishment and documentation) and people (individual employees, teams or organization). This system is different from other information systems as they are used to scrutinize and assist tactical and equipped behavior. Rationally, the term management information system is mainly used to submit to the study of how employees, teams or companies assess, design, supervise and utilize systems to develop information to enhance competence and efficacy of decision making. The idea of MIS has changed enormously over a phase of time comprising many different facets of the organizational meaning. In its preliminary days, the concept of MIS was to route the information available in the organization. Then that data was obtainable in the shape of reports at continuous intervals. MIS was competent of dealing with the data from the level of compilation to dispensation. This concept was later customized by adding a distinction between data and information. Information is known as a product of an analysis of data. This perception is analogous to a raw material and the completed goods (Ma and Ji 2014). Those information can be analyzed in a several ways, generating diverse shades and stipulation of the information as a product. It was, therefore, demanded that MIS should be more individual-oriented so that each employee can have dissimilar orientation towards the information. Later this notion was further changed in a way that I can present information in a different form and format. This different form can develop an impression on its user, infuriating a judgment or an examination. It was understood that some type of discerning step was essential in the system to better study and exposure. Hence, the new conception of exemption exposure was included in MIS. After that the concept of MIS was further developed so that the system can become able of managing requirement based exclusion coverage. This need may either of an individual or a group of people. Importance of MIS for McDonalds Management information systems are extremely important, especially in hospitality and tourism industry. For an organization like McDonalds, the use of MIS is principally focused on the following areas. Flow of information organization-wide: McDonalds is a customer-focused company. MIS can provide a big picture regarding the overall organization wide information. MIS will make sure that updated and strategically necessary information can be generated in the form of data and reports (Choudhary 2015). Decision-making process: Out of management information system can be found in the form of reports. These reports can be used by the management of McDonalds in the decision making process. It will also help McDonalds to prepare itself strategically for the upcoming business venture. Managerial control and scrutiny: According to Braglia and Frosolini (2014), properly formulated, incorporated and centrally consolidated data and knowledge can help a manager with an insight regarding the entire administrative process. MIS does the same job as it helps the managers to have a strong control over the managerial activities and methods. Computer dependant systems: As management information system is a computer based system, it can help McDonald to provide swift and efficient service to its customers (Ma and Ji 2014). Through MIS, employees and managers will be able to gain real time information about the organization. It will help the management of McDonalds to cater to the needs of the customers. Some other advantages that McDonalds will have through MIS are mentioned below. MIS will help the organization to identify its weaknesses through the presence of revenue report, sales report and employee performance report. As the management will get real time strategic report, the management will be able to tap the opportunities at the real time. Besides, it will also help to address the weaknesses which will give the organization a competitive advantage. MIS will help to minimize or eliminate delays and ineffectiveness in the handling of the customers. It will be done as an updated report will be available for the organization related to the taste and preference of the customers. Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) In MIS System development lifecycle is referred to as the relevance development-life cycle. It is a phrase used in systems engineering and software engineering to portray a method for planning, developing, testing and deploying an information system (Gupta and Laxmi 2015). System development life cycle of MIS is mentioned below that will help the management of McDonalds to successfully implement the system in the workplace. SDLC will start with a written request which is called as system request which will figure out the needs of an IS. It will also describe the changes or improvements by the management concern. This request could be either minor or major. A minor request can ask for adding a new report of altering an existing evaluation formula. On the other hand, major report will involve the development of an entire information system which will meet the requirements of a new business need. Preliminary investigation is also called as feasibility study that helps to define the business related problems and opportunities. It will also decide whether or not a new system is required, while spending minimum amount of money and time (Bano and Zowghi 2013). Three major aspects of feasibility study are technical feasibility, economic feasibility and operational feasibility. Within technical feasibility, it will be discussed whether the project can be done by using existing equipments or not. Economic feasibility will decide whether there are sufficient amount of benefits in developing the system. Operational feasibility will identify whether the system will used if it is developed and implemented. It will also identify that whether the end users will show any kind f resistance while using this system. The major activities of feasibility study are shown in the table below. Name of the Phase Feasibility Study Important functions To describe problems and opportunities and identify whether or not MIS is feasible. Output Feasibility Study Major tools Techniques related to fact-gathering and estimation of requirements. Tasks of individuals The analyst will collect information related to the problems and opportunities The analyst will develop probable estimates of necessities for probable solutions. More clear estimates will be established by the analyst for the next analysis phase. Management will decide whether they will continue the project or not. Table 1: Steps and tasks of Feasibility Study (Source: Wakchaure and Joshi 2015) Analysis of the system Purpose of this phase is to learn how the existing system is operating. It will help to determine and document what the system is capable to do in order to recommend proper solutions. After gathering the facts, software team will analyze them carefully. This method is called as requirement analysis. After the development of an alternative plan is done, then the end product for this phase comes which is system requirement documents. It will help the management and the users to understand the alternative plan. Based on the documents, the management will develop a system in-house or will purchase a commercial package or will modify the current system. Steps and tasks of this phase are mentioned in the table below. Phase Name Analysis Main Function To identify the requirements of MIS Output Specification of the problems Primary Tools Techniques for fact-gathering, data flow diagrams, system models, system flow charting, data dictionary and Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) for implementing these above mentioned tools. Tasks of individuals Current system will be studied and results will be documented by the analyst. It will help to understand its issues and its strong points. A list of requirements will be then developed for the new system which is MIS. A diagram of the functions for the new system will be drawn. In the end, the analyst can develop a prototype of the system. Table 2: Steps and tasks of Analysis (Source: Sadagopan 2014) Designing the system The main purpose of this stage is to develop a blueprint that will satisfy all the mentioned requirements. Within this phase, all the necessary outputs, files, inputs and application programs will identified along with manual procedures. According to dos Santos et al. (2016), this phase can include the scheming internal and external controls such as computer related and manual features. It will ensure that the system will become dependable, precise, protected and maintainable. Then the design will be documented in the system design requirement which will be presented to the management and users for their reviews and support. The steps and tasks within this phase are hereby shown in the table below. Name of the Phase Design Primary functions To design a new system (MIS) that will fulfill the requirements of users and the management. Output Specification of the Design Primary tools HIPO Charts, data models, data vocabulary, data models, system models and input and output blueprint forms. For implementing these tools, using of CASE is also necessary in this stage. Tasks of individuals All the required hardware and software will be ordered by the analyst. Functional diagram will be altered by the analyst into hierarchical diagrams of the design step. Then the safety measures will be incorporated into the design of the system y the analyst. User interface will be designed by the analyst. It will include input and output formats. Analyst will decide staffing necessities including design methods and work flow. In the next step, proper database should be developed by the database engineer. Specifications and settings of the system will be then reviewed by the users, managers and analyst. They will make sure that the system is accurate. Table 3: Steps and tasks for design (Source: dos Santos et al. 2016) During this stage, MIS will be developed and put in place. Programs of application will be noted, tested and saved. Documents related to the operation and methods will be completed. Management of the organization and users will approve this system. Within the final preparation, the users will be guided about the changes in the new system that is different from the old system. Once the system is ready to use, an assessment will be conducted to figure out overall quality of the information system (Alizarchik and Lukashevich 2015). The management can also use post-implementation system evaluation test to ensure the system is properly operating and its costs are within anticipation. The steps of this phase are hereby mentioned in the table below. Name of phase Implementation Main function To note down and test the computer programs. To transform the older system (computerized or manual) into a new system Output Fully coded and tested programs that are verified by the management and users. Training materials along with documents for users. Main tools Several tools for programmer, structured walkthroughs, computerized weakening testing, application generators, fourth generation languages along with CASE to implement the tools. Tasks The preparation of the site and installation of the required equipments will be monitored by the analyst. The analyst will supervise the testing and correction of the programs and prototype. The new program will be noted down by the analyst. If necessary then the new supporting programs will be bought. The analyst will plan to test the program. The testing team developed by the analyst will test the program. The analyst will then supervise and plan conversation. The programmers will be asked to install the program. The data entry staff will then enter fresh and new data into the new system. Table 4: Steps and tasks for implementation (Source: Wakchaure and Joshi 2015) Operation and assistance to the system (Maintenance) After the implementation stage, the new MIS is ready to be used by the users. During the system operation, maintenance and improvements must be requested to deal with any problem that is identified by the users. After several years of operation, this new MIS must be changed. Maintenance changes are made to eliminate the errors or to conform to government or user demands. Improvements will be modified which will increase capability and accuracy such as delivering new information in an existing report (Wakchaure and Joshi 2015). It can also add a new report after improvement. Steps of this phase 5 are hereby mentioned below. Name of the Phase Maintenance Primary functions To restore and upgrade the system as per requirement. Output Updated and upgraded system and user documentation along with revised program. Main tools Incremental models that will include data dictionary, data models, data flow diagrams, system flow charts, HIPO charts and input-output design forms. CASE products will be required along with application generators and fourth generation languages to use the mentioned tools. Tasks of individuals An end user will notify the analyst about a problem. Then the analyst will develop an incremental model that will assess the impact of the modification. Management along with the board that control any type of change in the organization will decide if the system will be upgraded or not. If the change in the system is approved by the higher authority, then the analyst will improve the system and document all the change. The programmers will test the program. Table 5: Steps and tasks for maintenance (Source: Karim 2016) Probable Challenges of MIS The challenges related to MIS are divided into three factors which are humanistic, organizational and environmental. One of the major problems is lack of knowledge of the managers along with the users as they have no idea about what they want and what information needs are. On the other hand, if the designers cannot properly understand the needs of the users, then they will not be able to develop a user friendly system. Besides, if the managers do not have ample amount of information about the collaboration method with the designer team, then expected system will not be developed. Lack of knowledge of most of the analysts and programmers with new system work atmosphere can also be another challenge (Karim 2016). Last but not the least, if the collected data is not accurate, it will create problems while developing the problem. Organizational factors If the managers, users and system directors are not willing to participate and collaborate then it would be a problem. If the existing manual systems are not consistent and are complex then developing a new system will take a lot of time. It is important to analyze the method before designing the system. If it does not take place, then the development of the system will become complex. Besides, if the organization does not have ample amount of workforce in the management and computer fields then testing will not be done properly. Environmental factors The biggest challenge within this factor is the lack of proper consultants for scheming the system and software. Absence procedures and methodology and stages of developing the system can also hamper the installation of the new system. According to Alizarchik and Lukashevich (2015), it is important to evaluate environmental aspects in MIS. If it is not done, then the system will not work properly. However, over all of this, it is important for the management to provide adequate investment for developing this system. If proper amount of investment is not done, then system will not work as per expectation of the management. Solutions of the Challenges A comprehensive plan must be developed for using information systems in the organization, before using MIS. It will help the employees to learn how information system works. The organization will have to hire skillful and efficient employees who have knowledge about the information system. Existing employees must be encouraged to learn to use information systems. Managers and employees will be using the system must participate in the system creating process. It will allow them to understand the new system from its initial stages. Conclusion In the end, it can be concluded that management information system has a strategic role in an organization that is operating within hospitality industry. It can help to develop products, services and capabilities that will allow an organization to have major advantages over competitive forces it faces in the global market. McDonalds is currently facing immense competition from companies such as KFC, Dominoz, Pizzahut, Burgerking and Subway. Therefore, it can be said that installing MIS will allow McDonalds to deal with its market competitors. However, from the entire discussion, it is also clear that installed MIS should be flexible enough to deal with altering information need of the organization. Designing MIS is obviously a complex task. Therefore, the analyst and programmers will face several challenges. It is the duty of the host organization to provide every type of support to the analyst and programmers so that they can develop a flexible MIS. In short, flexible MIS can only b e achieved if the MIS is planned. Planned means, the development team knows and understand the requirements of the organization. Another important advantage of MIS is its decision support system which is also described in the report. Therefore, it is expected that MIS will fulfill the nee of the organization and will help it to take critical business decisions. However, installing MIS will not solve all the problems. It is possible that for some time it will work properly. However, with the changing demand of the customers the organization will have to change its strategies. In this scenario, MIS must be upgraded and updated. Otherwise it will not provide expected results. References Alizarchik, S. and Lukashevich, A., 2015. Breakfast at MCDonalds or how to survive in the global marketplace. https://cdo.bseu.by:8080/bitstream/edoc/23762/1/Alizarchik,%20S.,%20Lukashevich,%20A..pdf Bano, M. and Zowghi, D., 2013, April. User involvement in software development and system success: a systematic literature review. InProceedings of the 17th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering(pp. 125-130). ACM. https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2461017 Braglia, M. and Frosolini, M., 2014. An integrated approach to implement project management information systems within the extended enterprise.International Journal of Project Management,32(1), pp.18-29. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0263786312001792 Cassidy, A., 2016.A practical guide to information systems strategic planning. CRC press. Choudhary, A., 2015. A REVIEW: IMPORTANCE OF BUSINESS STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS.International Journal of Engineering, https://ijemmr.co.in/index.php/IJEMMR/article/view/16 dos Santos, R.A., Zorzo, A.F. and Marczak, S., 2016. Towards an SDLC for Projects Involving Distributed Systems.ICEIS 2016, p.158. Gupta, R.S. and Laxmi, V., 2015. Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Implementationin Information Technology Management.International Journal of Recent Advances in Information Technology Management,1(1). https://management.eurekajournals.com/index.php/IJRAITM/article/view/20 Karim, N.S.A., Albuolayan, A., Saba, T. and Rehman, A., 2016. The practice of secure software development in SDLC: an investigation through existing model and a case study.Security and Communication Networks. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sec.1700/full Ma, Y. and Ji, Z., 2014, October. The Research on Sports Events Organization and Management Information System Based on Process Aware. InIdentification, Information and Knowledge in the Internet of Things (IIKI), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 132-136). IEEE. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7064014/ Sadagopan, S., 2014.Management Information Systems. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=S5NeBAAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=SDLC+and+management+information+systemots=H0fqNoyrresig=2TJCGxs0r0YowY3XYGXLu08e_oI#v=onepageq=SDLC%20and%20management%20information%20systemf=false Stair, R. and Reynolds, G., 2013.Principles of information systems. Cengage Learning. Wakchaure, M.M.A. and Joshi, S.D., 2015. A Framework to Detect and Analyze Software Vulnerabilities: Analysis Phase in SDLC.Journal of Modern Electronics,4(1-2). Ward, J. and Peppard, J., 2016.The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. John Wiley Sons.

Lab Report Flame Test Essay Example

Lab Report: Flame Test Paper Hydrochloric Acid into the 50 ml beaker. 3. Clean the Monochrome wire before each test. To do this, rinse it with distilled water from the wash bottle, dip it into the Hydrochloric Acid, and place it in the burner flame for a few moments. 4. Take note of the color of the flame when the wire is clean. This is the color you should see after each cleaning. 5. Once the wire is clean, dip it into one of the solutions, place the wire in the flame, and observe the color of the flame. 6. Clean the Monochrome wire as directed in step 3, then repeat step 5 until all of the solutions have been tested. Record your observations as you go. 7. Repeat steps 3 through 5 for each of the unknown solutions and try to determine what the solution may be based on your observations of the known substances. Data and Observations: Solution Color of Flame Barium Nitrate green/yellow to orange Copper Nitrate blue/green to orange Lithium Nitrate purple/red to orange Potassium Nitrate pink/purple Sodium Chloride bright orange Calcium Nitrate red/orange Strontium Nitrate red to orange to yellow Unknown A red/orange Calcium Nitrate Unknown B pink/purple Potassium Nitrate Unknown C bright orange Sodium Chloride The metallic ions that are present in the solutions are Barium Nitrate, Copper Nitrate, Strontium Nitrate, Lithium Nitrate, Potassium Nitrate, Sodium Nitrate, and Calcium Nitrate. Calcium Nitrate is present in Unknown A. Potassium Nitrate is present in Unknown B. Sodium Chloride is present in Unknown C. When the ions burn it is a chemical change. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report: Flame Test specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report: Flame Test specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report: Flame Test specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The colors we saw and the lines of the electromagnetic spectrum are all colors of the rainbow. Calculations: There were no calculations made in this lab. Conclusion: Barium Nitrate burns green/yellow. Copper Nitrate burns blue/green. Lithium Nitrate burns purple/red. Potassium Nitrate burns pink/purple. Sodium Chloride burns bright orange. Calcium Nitrate burns red/orange. Strontium Nitrate burns red, orange, and yellow. If other compounds containing the same metal ions were flame tested, I think that they would burn the same colors, unless mixed with others.

Global Hunger Sooner Than You Think †Humanities Essay

Global Hunger Sooner Than You Think – Humanities Essay Free Online Research Papers Global Hunger Sooner Than You Think Humanities Essay It is frightening to think that one day there may not be enough food left on the planet. For our generation this seems an unlikely fate, but for future generations it could be reality. World population is growing at an alarming rate, and already there are parts of the world where the demand for food outweighs the supply. Currently, one fifth of the population in developing countries cannot find enough food to eat. Out of the whole population of the world, eighty percent are considered malnourished. In 1798 an English demographer named Thomas Malthus published An Essay on the Principle of Population. This essay concentrated on the idea that one day the earth’s natural resources will no longer be able to support it’s population. Malthus had the belief that the speed of population growth exceeds the production of resources, and thus humans would eventually strip the earth of food. Today, there are a few reasons that explain why the world’s population is larger than ever before. First, there is the principle of geometric growth, which Malthus also popularized. This means that the population increases by doubling itself, and thus its rate of increase speeds up. Over the past 50 years, world population has increased by roughly 0.8 billion per decade. In 2020 it is estimated to reach just over eight billion (United Nations, 1989). Most of the growth will take place in lesser developed countries, where birth rates are higher than in the Western societies. This is a product of many factors, including lack of contraception, which is sometimes due to religious beliefs. Certain cultures, namely towards the Middle East, also encourage large families. Families in poverty-stricken countries develop the need to have more children so that they can help bring in income, and in some regions the rate of infant mortality is very high, and parents often decide to have four kids instead of one or two to ensure survival (Blue, 2006). Population growth affects food supply directly. First of all, to put it simply, the more people there are, the more resources will be consumed. Secondly, there is the issue of space. Everybody needs a place to live, and the earth’s surface does not grow with the population. Housing takes up a large portion of inhabitable land, therefore there is a limited space which can be used to grow crops and produce food. Most of the places where food can grow are already occupied, and currently only 11% of the world’s land is fit for cultivation (NSCE, 2006). As the population expands further there will be even less arable land, and there is no doubt that population will indeed expand. This leads to the belief that the Malthusian theory of food depletion is the inevitable. However, â€Å"many have argued that Malthus did not recognize the human capacity to increase our food supply,† (Wikipedia, 2006), so there still may be various ways to counter the crisis which he predict ed. In his time Malthus had a few rather controversial ideas on how to prevent his prophecy of resource diminution. He believed in taking control of the world’s population by using means such as prohibiting early marriages; abstinence; disregarding the conditions of the poor; neglecting the issue of infant mortality, and doing nothing to boost healthcare standards (Winch, 197. In short, he thought that by sustaining a general misery among people, population growth would slow down. Though his proposed plans may not have been ineffective, today they are seen as somewhat barbaric, and there are better ways to solve the looming problem. Since Malthus wrote his essay in the late 18th century, huge technological developments have been made. For instance, humans have developed Genetic Engineering which could yet prove to be the answer to the food crisis. Already with the help of the Green Revolution, which began in the 1940s and used â€Å"modern agricultural techniques† (Wikipedia, 2006) to assist food production, â€Å"the number of people in danger of malnutrition worldwide has decreased significantly.† The question is whether the genetically modified crop movement will be able to â€Å"develop into an agricultural revolution on the scale of the Green Revolution (Rand Corp. 2004). While in some countries genetically modified crops are already being grown, the Gene Revolution cannot yet be adopted worldwide. Environmentalists, policymakers and some members of the public are trying to limit its spreading, disapproving of the idea of â€Å"playing God† and worrying about the side-effects of modifi ed cells. While these fears are not unjustified, it should also be taken into account that genetically engineered crops could be very helpful to countries such as Africa, where poverty and famine is a constant threat (Rand Corp. 2004) For example, scientists have been modifying plants so that they require less water, and in the dry countries where water is scarce these developments could be immensely beneficial (PBS, 2000). Moving away from genetic engineering, researching alternative fuels could cheapen the production and transportation of food. Also, the countries which have a low literacy rate tend to be the ones in economic trouble, so educating people on how to produce their own crops and providing information about contraception could greatly improve the situation. Food aid is another option, and the United Nations have a variety of ideas on how to go about distributing the world’s resources, and deem it a necessary action throughout the coming years. They believe that the earth is able to provide every living being with enough resources to survive, but due to factors such as war, natural disasters and political corruption many people are in poverty and do not have enough to eat (Shaw, 2001). Currently, to say that the earth is running low on food would be untrue. There is more than enough, but it is not distributed evenly. It is a fact that population will grow. However, after taking everything into consideration, it is impossible to know for what exactly will happen in the future. There are countless things which could unexpectedly find their way into the world’s economy, technology, social structure and land structure. Just as Malthus did not foresee things like genetic engineering, today’s scientists may not see future improvements in technology which could lead to a total change in the organization of the world. Research Papers on Global Hunger Sooner Than You Think - Humanities EssayThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPETSTEL analysis of IndiaInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesGenetic EngineeringRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenResearch Process Part One

Building energy management system (bems) Essay Example for Free

Building energy management system (bems) Essay What’s Wrong with Traditional Energy Management? Start Realizing Untapped Savings Opportunities and Tame Volatile Energy Costs Traditional Energy Management Approaches are Falling Short— How to Fix the Problem Energy utility costs—primarily natural gas and electricity—account for one to two percent of sales for the average business, and can be as much as four to five percent of cost of goods sold for manufacturers. With energy prices turning volatile, corporate management teams are exposed to the risk of unanticipated movements in energy costs. They are feeling relatively helpless because of the perceived inability to proactively manage regulated energy costs. At the same time, firms are publicly committing to sustainability goals and are now wondering how they will achieve them. Although many firms have implemented short-term measures to address energy costs and sustainability commitments, these efforts are falling short. Our benchmark data and research indicates that for most firms, 50 percent of their initial energy savings disappear within the first six to 12 months due to a lack of continuous monitoring, analysis and corrective action. However, significant opportunity to deliver value remains. Analysis from the U.S. Department of Energy indicates firms that embrace continuous monitoring and active energy management practices can achieve 15 to 40 percent energy savings. Conduct an energy audit: To establish an energy consumption baseline—a basic requirement for successful energy cost optimization— firms deploy monitoring devices to measure energy usage from the facility level down to the machine level. Implement audit recommendations: After assessing energy consumption levels and trends down to the machine level, managers can implement process changes to optimize energy consumption. Actions may range from policy formulation (shutting down computers at night, turning off idle equipment, etc.) to automation (automatically turning off lights) to equipment optimization (changing set-points on heavy machinery and equipment). Invest in high-efficiency equipment: With a full view of the energy consumption and equipment efficiency profile of the enterprise, firms can strategically invest in high-efficiency equipment. These capital upgrades can lower energy consumption and may also qualify for rebates and incentives that can significantly enhance potential return on investment (ROI). Figure 1: This paper looks at why traditional approaches are failing, and outlines an active energy management approach that changes the game and generates sustainable energy cost reductions. Savings Typical energy management strategies—and why they fail to deliver sustainable value. For example, when firms conduct energy audits, employees and equipment operators are aware that their energy usage is being monitored and they make changes to reduce consumption, such as turning off idle equipment. But when monitors are removed, initial savings peak and then slowly erode as employee behavior returns to normal. Similarly, when firms implement process changes, substantial initial savings accrue. However, when the monitors come off, gains decline as equipment schedules change. Operators go back to the old way of doing things and set-points revert to old levels. In addition, without detailed machine-level consumption data as a baseline (as opposed to a point-in-time snapshot), analysts are unable to come up with truly optimal process improvements because the data is not granular enough. Finally, with capital equipment upgrades, savings targets are seldom realized due to unrealistic operating assumptions used to build ROI cases and most firms’ lack of market intelligence about the complex array of incentives and rebates. 50% Savings A review of more than 100 companies and their practices reveal that most firms take three common actions to address the energy management challenge: Although these traditional energy management techniques can yield quick-hit results, there is a common pitfall: when the meters come off, it is back to business as usual and the savings disappear. â€Å"50 percent of initial energy savings disappear within the first six to 12 months due to a lack of continuous monitoring, analysis and corrective action† Months from start 2 A four-step Active Energy Management approach Recognizing where most initiatives fall short, an integrated, four-part Active Energy Management strategy can stop the bleeding and address traditional energy management shortcomings: There are several keys to making energy savings persistent. First, take monitoring and measurement from a one-time analysis to an ongoing, active competency. Leading firms use 24Ãâ€"7 advanced metering and monitoring technology with skilled analysts to proactively monitor energy consumption data and patterns. Continuous monitoring helps mitigate the savings leakage described earlier. Active monitoring allows managers to see—in near realtime—if employee behavior is beginning to change or old habits are starting to return, and identify the root causes when actual energy consumption differs from projections. In addition to preventing savings leakage, active monitoring helps identify new, incremental energy savings opportunitie s, raising the cumulative savings realized. Copyright  © 2014 Accenture All rights reserved. Go deeper: Use machine-level consumption data to drive sustainable process optimization. With a detailed understanding of energy consumption down to the individual equipment level, managers can implement detailed process optimization programs, such as changing set-points for heavy machinery. For example, an air compressor energy consumption study (see figure 2) revealed an opportunity to adjust the operating mode from continuous to throttled, resulting in 7 percent energy savings verified by ongoing measurement. In another example, adjusting improper temperature set-points in a chiller plant based on thorough analysis of usage data resulted in 30 percent energy savings. With the right intelligence and detailed monitoring, energy analysts can assess performance and immediately stop energy savings leakage. Analysts also can spot potential maintenance issues and proactively investigate when machinelevel performance deviates from expectations. Figure 2: 250 Baseline Model Target Model Baseline Data Actual Data 200 Air Compressor (kw) Get persistent: Apply â€Å"Active Energy Management† and take monitoring from a onetime activity to an active, ongoing analytical competency. 150 100 50 0 0 20 40 60 80 Air Demand (SCFM) based on Actual Production 100 3 Leverage insight: Use energy demand insight to enhance capital investment decisions and capture incentives and rebates to drive higher ROI. A comprehensive understanding of the consumption profile of the existing asset base enables much better capital investment decisions. Armed with detailed data and realistic energy consumption estimates, managers can rationally weigh the benefits of energy-efficient new equipment versus their purchase costs and other related expenses (decommissioning and disposal cost, production downtime, etc.). Beyond energy data, deep market intelligence of credits, incentives, and local, state and federal rebates can dramatically alter the ROI pr ofile of new capital investments. The opportunities are substantial: In 2011 alone, governments, nongovernmental organizations and utilities distributed more than $6.8 billion in cash payments to promote energy efficiency initiatives. Tackle the supply side: Extend Active Energy Management to integrated energy supply and demand management to drive the next level of savings. As this paper describes, current energy management practices are not delivering on their promises. The short-term benefits of energy audits and near-term recommendations quickly fade without continuous monitoring. On the other hand, Active Energy Management, which includes continuous monitoring and analysis, prevents the traditional savings leakage seen in most energy management programs. It also provides the data and insight that analysts and managers need to identify new savings opportunities and drive continuous improvement and cumulative energy savings benefits. With an established platform of ongoing measurement and management, firms can take energy savings to the next level. Detailed understanding of historical and planned consumption allows for acceleration of supply side strategies. For example, in deregulated markets, the accuracy with which a firm can predict its energy usage determines its ability to secure favorable energy rates by minimizing bandwidth charges. Energy consumers can also capture other savings through techniques like load shifting (shifting usage into lower-rate time periods) and peak shaving. Finally, in regulated markets, contrary to popular belief, firms can optimize their energy expenditures by taking advantage of the various rate structures available to purchasers and being aware of which available rates may be applicable to them. Energy and utilities represent a significant and highly volatile area of expenditure for most businesses. However, traditional energy management approaches frequently fail to deliver sustainable results. Many managers consider high energy spend as an area that cannot be addressed due to market regulations and commodity volatility. However, with continuous monitoring and Active Energy Management programs, leading firms can obtain substantial energy cost savings through better energy demand management, sustain those savings through ongoing monitoring and optimize energy purchases with deep market intelligence. Building energy management system (bems). (2016, Apr 10). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

How Does Cyber Bulling Affect Teenagers Research Paper

How Does Cyber Bulling Affect Teenagers - Research Paper Example This essay approves that cyber bullying victims are persistently tormented by their peers through text messages or emails, and this may rekindle the feeling of worthiness and hopeless and may therefore decide to commit suicide to escape all the pain. More so, online bullying triggers the feelings of sadness, anger and most commonly, embarrassment. In addition, cyber bullying has a negative impact on the quality of the relationship that the teenagers have with their families, peers or even teachers because they often feel disinterested in life and they start perceiving life as hopeless and meaningless, and in some cases, the victims may feel angry and vengeful, to revenge on the bullies. This report makes a conclusion that cyberbullying can have devastating impacts on teenagers’ lives such as depression, isolation or even suicide. Various studies show that cyber bullying is common and is some cases can be severe and adversely affect teenagers’ lives. Cell phones and computers cannot be entirely be blamed for cyber bullying because the social networking sites are supposed to be used positively such as connecting with other people, using them for learning activities, and entertainment among others. In order to stay safe online, it is advisable not to post or even share personal information online including internet passwords, inform parents or any other responsible adult about what they are doing online, and never meet anyone that they have only met online among others.

Crime Prevention and Social Complexity of Crime Essay

Crime Prevention and Social Complexity of Crime - Essay Example In other words it can be understood that crime is very much a human act and if we take out the civilization clause from the dictionary of human society and make it equivalent to the savagery, this crime is not exactly something which can be termed inhumane. It's something present in very nature of humans and they technically possess every characteristic of an animal. It is a threat that is comparable to anything that has been faced by the society in past but is actually a very intelligent form of threat that waits for the opportunity to transform its ability into an act of crime under the influence of desire. Hence this phenomenon of crime is basically an action which involves at least two human beings with one being the perpetrator and the other one is the victim. Crime prevention is another part of the solution that has to tackle the social complexity of crime. Though the legal procedures and enforcement agencies are very much present to redress the problem, they have miserably failed to provide something which will have some long term impact. They actually provide security either through prosecution or through prevention. Prosecution leads to arrest and a whole lot of legal procedures including the judgment and imprisonment. Prevention deals with stopping a criminal from committing something heinous. The option of committing a crime is to be closed. Hence the target issue is the creation the hindrance for a criminal through wide spread precautionary measures being implemented through every single home to any of the working place or public place present in the locality. The important point is to shield oneself from being a victim. The crime and its different techniques have to be made understood to each and every person. Right from the begin ning i.e., during childhood, one should be made aware of the prevention procedures and the importance of it has to be made a part of the complete thought process. But still after this much precaution the outcome of these procedures has been found to be very much limited and the crime rate is on its way to rise and rise. The most important thing is to act against the cause that make a criminal rather than reducing the opportunities for him to commit some crime. We have to realize that this criminal has been developed from this society only and the problem is in the social pattern and due to these patterns we have to face certain people who have got out of the normal way of social life and are acting against the group of which it is a very important part. So the new crime prevention should deal with the very cause of creation of a criminal and factors fuelling its growth. Crime Prevention Plan of the new society The humans have reached to the current age of information after getting a number of destruction and wars. Initially, it had to fight adversities of earth and its surroundings and after the formation of some civilization, it